1. Privatisation.
This involves selling state owned assets to the private sector. It is argued that the private sector is more efficient in running business because they have a profit motive to reduce costs and develop better services.
See more on Privatisation
2. Deregulation
This involves reducing barriers to entry in order to make the market more competitive. For example BT used to be a Monopoly but now telecommunications is quite competitive. Competition tends to lead to lower prices and better quality of goods / service.
3. Reducing Income Taxes.
It is argued that lower taxes (income and corporation) increase the incentives for people to work harder, leading to more output.
However this is not necessarily true, lower taxes do not always increase work incentives (e.g. if income effect outweighs substitution effect)
However this is not necessarily true, lower taxes do not always increase work incentives (e.g. if income effect outweighs substitution effect)
4. Increased education and training
Better education can improve labour productivity and increase AS.
Often there is under-provision of education in a free market, leading to market failure. Therefore the govt may need to subsidise suitable education and training schemes.
However govt intervention will cost money, requiring higher taxes, It will take time to have effect and govt may subsidise the wrong types of training
Often there is under-provision of education in a free market, leading to market failure. Therefore the govt may need to subsidise suitable education and training schemes.
However govt intervention will cost money, requiring higher taxes, It will take time to have effect and govt may subsidise the wrong types of training
5. Reducing the power of Trades Unions
This should
a) increase efficiency of firms e.g. less time lost to strikes
b) reduce unemployment ( if labour markets are competitive)
b) reduce unemployment ( if labour markets are competitive)
6. Reducing State Welfare Benefits
This
may encourage unemployed to take jobs.
may encourage unemployed to take jobs.
7. Providing better information about jobs
This may also help reduce frictional unemployment
This may also help reduce frictional unemployment
8. Deregulate financial markets to allow more competition and lower
borrowing costs for consumers and firms.
borrowing costs for consumers and firms.
9. Lower Tariff barriers this will increase trade
10. Removing unnecessary red tape and bureaucracy which add to a firms costs
11. Improving Transport and infrastructure.
Due to market failure this is likely to need govt intervention to improve transport and reduce congestion. This will help reduce firms costs.
Due to market failure this is likely to need govt intervention to improve transport and reduce congestion. This will help reduce firms costs.
12 Deregulate Labour Markets
This is said to be an important objective for the EU to increase competitiveness. E.g. Make it easier to hire and fire worker
